Monday 16 February 2015

BEFORE THE CANDIDATES GET CARRIED AWAY - LET'S FOCUS ON THE REAL ISSUES: WHERE ARE WE ON THE HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX?


I just read Muhammed Buhari's pledge today. It looks to me a right-headed document and a breath of fresh air, but it still did not address succinctly, the most critical issue: How do we raise the standard of living of our people and make development truly count for the ordinary Nigerian? This question is at the heart of "corruption of need" in Nigeria. A smart government will focus on this because it is the route to addressing our development challenge and surmounting the obstacles on our route to exiting Nigeria's resource curse. Nigeria has the largest population in Africa and has an abundance of natural resources. While it focuses its attention on its natural resources, it is losing its human capital. Truth is our human capital is the unique resource which ordinarily should give us an edge. Our large population should be a key source of competitive advantage. Aside from having a large workforce, this resource has the potential of transforming Nigeria into a large emerging market and can also trigger local production which can serve the African region. The combined net effect of these is economic development through an increase in the Gross Domestic Product and social stability. The flip-side of this possibility is currently at play. The opposition needs to come to the table with a Human Capital Development deal which raises our national productivity and develops capacity for tomorrow's economy.

 THE STARTING POINT: HOW WE ARE DOING IN TERMS OF FULFILLING THE MDG's?

 The Millennium Development Goals offers us a good platform for building our Human Capital. There are 8 of them:

 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

 2. Achieve universal primary education

 3. Promote gender equality and empower women

 4. Reduce child mortality

 5. Improve maternal health

 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

 7. Ensure environmental sustainability

 8. Global partnership for development

 THE INTERVENTION POINT: WHAT IS OUR SCORE CARD ON THE MDG's THUS FAR?

 MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty

 Poverty Rate: 46%. Access to Clean Water: 49%.

 Nigeria's poverty rate is very high, and when one considers the fact that Nigeria is home to some of the richest people in Africa, the social and economic inequality becomes even more glaring, with the combined income of the top 1 % of the Nigerian Society being more than the combined income of the bottom 50%.

 MDG2: Achieve Universal Primary Education:

 Primary School Enrollment Rate: 65.7%

 This is relatively okay and growing, however, the school enrollment rate of the Girl-Child remains low and is being threatened by Religious insurgency up North.

 MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality

 While the nation's legal framework supporting Gender Equality falls far short of the MDG requirements, the ratio of Female representation in the executive arm of government is actually near target.

 MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality

 Still very high. With 608 deaths per 100,000 deliveries, Nigeria ranks second only to India in the list of nations with the worst child mortality. The UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS4) report recently conducted indicates that under-five mortality in Nigeria increased from 138 per 1,000 live births in 2007 to 158 per 1,000 live births in 2011.

 MDG 5: Improve Maternal Health

 Still very high but improving. 510 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2013, down from 630 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2010

 MDG's 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases:

 HIV Prevalence Rate: 3.1% (Still high and is essentially being spread by Commercial Sex Workers)

 Malaria: According to UNICEF, Malaria is the most significant public health problem in Nigeria. The economic cost of malaria, arising from cost of treatment, loss of productivity and earning due to days lost from illness, is as high as 1.3% of economic growth per annum. The disease is a major cause of maternal mortality and poor child development.

 Tuberculosis: According to WHO Tuberculosis is still a major public health problem in Nigeria, with the country ranking 5th among the 22 high TB burden countries which collectively bear 80% of the global burden of TB. The number of TB cases notified in the country increased from 31,264 in 2002 to 90,307 in 2008.

 MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

 Deforestation Rate: According to FAO, Nigeria has the world's highest deforestation rate of primary forests. Between 2000 and 2005 the country lost 55.7 percent of its primary forests to excessive logging, subsistence agriculture, and the collection of fuelwood.

 Oil Spillage: According to Oil Spill Conference Nigeria 2014, over 600 oil spill incidents are recorded in Nigeria annually

 Gas Flaring: According to World Watch Institute, Russia and Nigeria are the two largest emitters of flare gas in the world. According to World Bank statistics, Nigeria flares about 20 billion cubic meters of gas annually.

 MDG 8: Global partnership for development: Nigeria will need to rev-up Global partnership working with the likes of the UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) in order to be able to meet MDG 1 - 7.

 WE SEEM TO BE FALLING SHORT RATHER THAN RISING IN TERMS OF MEETING THESE GOALS:

 In 2013, the United Nations singled out Nigeria along-sides Sierra Leone and Somalia as Countries that need to do more if the goals of the MDG's are to be realized. I reckon that government needs to do a lot of reality checks rather than continue to chase shadows. We need to focus our priority on poverty reduction and human development, essentially looking at Health and Education. We cannot continue to save-up to go for treatments abroad, while also investing what could have been used to develop the local education system on overseas university enrollments. It’s time to get our priorities right; and I reckon that if our politicians are right-headed, this should be a key campaign topic, rather than such things as rotational Presidency and ethnic balancing. Truth be told, with our wealth and with the strength of the local economy which is put at about 510 Billion Dollars (2013 GDP rebased figures), we are lagging behind the world and we need to do something fast. WE NEED TO KNOW WHO IS PRIORITIZING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AND WHO IS NOT.

 Bolaji Okusaga is a Lagos based PR Practitioner

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